البيان العلمي #3

بما أنه قد تم إكتساب الأخلاق عبر التطور، فهي موجودة في كل المجتمعات والثقافات.

بما أنها تحدث عالميا في كل الثقافات الإنسانية بدون إستثناء، المسلمات الأخلاقية مثل تلك المعروضة هنا قد تطورت على الأرجح من ظواهر نفسية. (Brown, 1991).

عالم الإنثروبولوجيا (علم الإنسان) دونالد أ. براون لم يتوقع أن يكتشف وحدة الأخلاق البشرية. لكنه قام بذلك.

كان يبحث عن تصرفات أو صفات مشتركة لجميع البشر الذين لديهم مبنى عصبي سليم، بغض النظر عن الثقافة التي ينتمون إليها. كانت فكرته ترمي الى تبويب قائمة بكل " المسلمات الإنسانية" في كل المجتمعات.

كشف مشروعه عن عدد من الأنماط الأخلاقية التابثة المحفوظة في كل من الثقافات المختلفة.

العقائد والنظم العقائدية في جميع القارات كانت ملونة ومتنوعة. مع ذلك، كل منها يمنع سلوك معين. الإغتصاب؟- ممنوع. القتل؟- ممنوع في جميعها.

القواسم المشتركة الأخرى تم تحديدها. التعاطف، على سبيل المثال. التعاون. الخجل. مفهوم الإنصاف\ العدل وغيرها من الأمثلة. من الديمقراطيات الغربية المتقدمة الى المجتمعات الأصلية المنعزلة- "المسلمات الأخلاقية"

أثبتث عقود من البحث بين الثقافات بأنه لا يوجد مجتمع واحد يحتكر لنفسه حسن التصرف. على يعتمد سلوك الإنسان الإخلاقي على تبنيه لدين معين او إله، مما يشير الى وجود جذورها التطورية.

توجد الآن مجموعة كبيرة من الأبحاث العالمية تبحث الأخلاق ما بين الثقافات، والتي يعتمد بعضها على المسلمات الأخلاقية التي إكتشفها براون. يلخص العالم الإجتماعية أراه نورينزيان ذلك: "...العلاقة ما بين الدين والأخلاق متغيرة وفقا للثفاقة؛ هذه العلاقة ضعيفة أو غائبة كليا في مجموعات صغيرة الحجم، وتزداد مع إزدياد حجم المجموعة وزيادة التعقيد الإجتماعي عبر الزمن وعبر المجتمعات

البيان الـ 2

البيان الـ 4

المراجع

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The Brights

البيان العلمي #3

بما أنه قد تم إكتساب الأخلاق عبر التطور، فهي موجودة في كل المجتمعات والثقافات.

المراجع