Kleine kinderen vertonen tekenen van moraliteit, zelfs al voordat ze veel van de wereld hebben ervaren.

Recent onderzoek naar moraliteit bij kinderen toont aan dat kinderen vanaf 14 maanden anderen spontaan helpen zonder een beloning te verwachten (Warneken & Tomasello, 2007).

Onderzoek naar moraliteit bij baby’s is ontploft de laatste 10 jaar. Experimenten tonen aan dat baby’s al een aangeboren drang hebben om anderen te helpen.

Nemen we als voorbeeld een recent poppenonderzoek met baby’s: een pop helpt (een persoon). Een andere pop hindert (een andere persoon). Baby’s van drie maanden reageren anders tegen de twee poppen.

Baby’s van zes maanden reageren positief op mensen die anderen helpen. Als ze 18 maanden zijn helpen kinderen graag anderen om een doel te bereiken.  Prosociaal gedrag (helpen, beschermen, delen, samenwerken, …) kan je al zien in het gedrag van tweejarigen.

Een populair denkbeeld is dat mensen egoïstisch geboren worden en langzaamaan moreel worden door  religieuse lessen. Voor dit foute denkbeeld vinden we geen enkel bewijs. Bijvoorbeeld: in een experiment probeert een volwassene een object te pakken zonder success. De meeste baby’s en peuters reiken het object aan, zelfs vanaf 14 maanden. Gemiddeld helpen kinderen anderen binnen de 6,9 seconden na het begin van het experiment.

De vroege ontwikkeling van moreel gedrag laat zien dat geloof en wereldbeelden niet nodig zijn voor de ontwikkeling van moraliteit. Samenwerking, morele oordelen, egalitarisme, sociale evaluatie and proactief helpen is aangeboren en universeel.

Stelling 3
Startpagina

Bronnen

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The studies linked on this page are accessible via the researchers' websites and other public domain sources. If not linked, those studies are only available via academic journals.

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